Wintersport : Différence entre versions
| (11 révisions intermédiaires par le même utilisateur non affichées) | |||
| Ligne 17 : | Ligne 17 : | ||
|Etat_publication=Non | |Etat_publication=Non | ||
|realisateurs=Balke, Curt | |realisateurs=Balke, Curt | ||
| + | |apercu=Wintersport_9300_b_(3).png | ||
| + | |personnages_identifies=Curt Balke; Käthe Balke; Kati Balke (Tochter) | ||
| + | |lieux_ou_monuments=Feldberg (Fahler Loch); Neustadt (Hochfirstschanze) | ||
|lieuTournage=47.97229, 8.0202 | |lieuTournage=47.97229, 8.0202 | ||
| + | |Resume_en=Skiing in the Black Forest | ||
|Resume_de=Skifahren im Schwarzwald | |Resume_de=Skifahren im Schwarzwald | ||
| + | |Description_en=Title: New Year 1938 / | ||
| + | Winter sports: cross-country skiing and Downhill skiing in the Black Forest, children with sledges; Women in sleighs; Driving through the snow-covered Black Forest; Downhill skiing, spectators on the edge of the slope; Ski jumping <ski jump not identified>, spectators; young women load skis from the car.// | ||
| + | |Description_de=ZT: Neujahr 1938 / | ||
| + | Wintersport: Langlauf u. Abfahrtslauf im Schwarzwald, Kinder mit Schlitten (v.E.); Frauen im Pferdeschlitten (v.E.); Fahrtaufnahme durch den verschneiten Schwarzwald (v.E.); Abfahrtslauf, Zuschauer am Rand der Piste (v.E.); Skispringen <Skisprungschanze nicht identifiziert>, Zuschauer (v.E.); junge Frauen laden Skier aus dem Auto; | ||
| + | |Contexte_et_analyse_en=The 2 ½ minute silent black and white short film in 16mm format, shot by the private filmmaker Curt Balke from Freiburg, shows winter sports in the southern Black Forest in early 1938. You can see both amateur and professional athletes doing cross-country skiing, downhill skiing and ski jumping as well as tobogganing and riding a horse-drawn sleigh. Balke is a committed skier himself and often travels with his family in the Black Forest, which he documents in some of his films (see e.g. the films "Wintersport Freiburg", "Wintersport Bodensee", "Ausflug Oberstdorf"). This film shows two events that took place as part of the German Wehrmacht Ski Championships in 1938 (Lasotta 1938, p. 1). On the one hand there is the alpine competitions located on Feldberg (downhill skiing) and on the other hand the Nordic combination (ski jumping and cross-country skiing) taking place in Neustadt. | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 1 b.png|vignette|Kati Balke on a skiing tour in the Black Forest (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | The beginning of the film shows the family doing winter sports and winter impressions (cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, tobogganing, horse-drawn sleigh rides) on the plateau between Hinterzarten and the Feldberg. The Balkes drive to the Feldberg in their Mercedes. The mountainous landscape is recorded from the moving car. The German and Wehrmacht ski championships from February 5 to 13, 1938 contributed to the image enhancement of the ski region (Lasotta 1938, p. 1). The following sequences show the downhill race for women and men on February 5, 1938 at Fahler Loch, which is known for its steep slope. The racetrack is lined with numerous spectators who cheer the skiers and are documented by Balke from various positions. It also shows the viewers sunbathing. | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 2 b.png|vignette|Ski jumping from the landing area in Neustadt (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | The program of the Wehrmacht Ski Championships shows that the combined ski jumping event at the Hochfirstschanze in Neustadt took place on Saturday, February 12th at 2.30 p.m. Balke starts shooting down at the landing area and then climbs up the jump. This enables him to turn from different perspectives. The audience was able to experience the ski jumpers up close (Hitz 2011, p. 28). The jump tower allowed the referees to see the entire jump, which is decorated with swastika flags. At 6 p.m. the award ceremony was held on Rathausplatz in Neustadt, which is no longer documented in the film. | ||
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| + | The history of winter sports in Central Europe begins around 1880 (Vetter 1968, p. 294). Skiing was initially a leisure activity of the upper class. Skis were used in the Black Forest for professional purposes by midwives, country doctors or postmen. For students and academics, physical exercise was the main focus (Herzog 2005, p. 11). In February 1891, the French diplomat Dr. R. Pilet ski sports on the Feldberg. Then the Todtnau Ski Club was founded in 1892, followed by the Freiburg Ski Club in 1895 and the Academic Ski Club there in 1903 (von Savigny 2003) (see film "Ski-Fest 1908"). The early ski pioneers came mainly from Freiburg and Basel. The Höllentalbahn from Freiburg to Hinterzarten, opened in 1887, made it possible to travel to the Feldberg, which led to the popularization of winter sports there. | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 3 b.png|vignette|Ski jumping from above (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | In 1930 the construction of the first Hochfirstschanze began with the K-point 60 meters in Schmiedsbachtal of the Munich ski jumping hill planner Carl Luther. It is the largest natural hill in Europe. It is based on its geographical location and that means that it has not been changed by construction work either in the approach area (diving tower) or in the landing area (slope) (Herbner 1995, pp. 300-304). The jump was prepared by the jumpers of the organizing team. There was no in-run track, it was a jumper's job to draw the first track. Back then, ski jumping was more athletic because it worked in physically demanding jobs and was only active as a part-time ski jumper (Ski Jumping World Cup Titisee-Neustadt 2013, p. 24 f.). In 1950, today's plastic covered jump was built next to the previous ski jump, which was rebuilt again in 2000 to be suitable for the World Cup. The original ski jump was used until around 1970 and then demolished. | ||
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| + | In the autumn of 1938, the billeting of soldiers began in the region. Funds for housing and municipal infrastructure were cut in favor of armaments investments. During the Second World War, tourism stalled due to the lack of foreign guests. An official permit was mandatory to stay on the Feldberg (Vetter 1968, p. 349). After the end of the Second World War, the Black Forest could no longer tie in with the Alpine nations of France, Switzerland and Austria, which made the Nordic discipline the dominant competitive sport again. From 1946 onwards, French occupation troops built ski lifts on the Feldberg. Today winter sports are one of the most popular and most widespread sports, despite direct and deep interventions in nature. Like hardly any other sport, it had a social and landscape-defining impact on a cultural area in the mountains. Remote mountain villages became centers of tourism and venues for international competitions (Herzog 2005, p. 12). City dwellers in particular went on vacation in the Black Forest, which stimulated the local gastronomy and hotel industry. | ||
| + | Sophia Dresel | ||
| + | |Contexte_et_analyse_de=Der vom Privatfilmer Curt Balke aus Freiburg gedrehte 2 ½ minütige stumme schwarzweiße Kurzfilm im 16mm-Format zeigt Anfang 1938 Wintersport im südlichen Schwarzwald. Zu sehen sind sowohl Hobby- als auch Profisportler beim Langlauf, Abfahrtslauf und Skispringen sowie Rodeln und die Fahrt mit einem Pferdeschlitten. Balke ist selbst engagierter Skisportler und oft mit seiner Familie im Schwarzwald unterwegs, was er in einigen seiner Filme dokumentiert (siehe z.B. die Filme „Wintersport Freiburg“, „Wintersport Bodensee“, „Ausflug Oberstdorf“). Dieser Film zeigt zwei Veranstaltungen, die im Rahmen der Deutschen Wehrmacht-Skimeisterschaften 1938 stattfanden (Lasotta 1938, S. 1). Zum einen handelt es sich um die am Feldberg lokalisierten Alpinen Wettbewerbe (Abfahrtslauf) und zum anderen um die in Neustadt stattfindende Nordische Kombination (Skispringen und Langlauf). | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 1 b.png|vignette|Kati Balke bei einer Ski-Tour mit Freundin (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | Der Anfang des Films zeigt die Familie beim Wintersport und winterliche Impressionen (Langlauf, Abfahrt, Rodeln, Pferdeschlittenfahrt) auf der Hochebene zwischen Hinterzarten und dem Feldberg. Mit ihrem Mercedes fahren die Balkes zum Feldberg. Aus dem fahrenden Auto wird die gebirgige Landschaft aufgenommen. Die Deutsche- und Wehrmachtsskimeisterschaft vom 5. bis 13. Februar 1938 trug zur Imagesteigerung der Skiregion bei (Lasotta 1938, S. 1). Die folgenden Sequenzen zeigen den am 5. Februar 1938 stattfindenden Abfahrtslauf für Frauen und Männer am Fahler Loch, das für seine steile Hanglage bekannt ist. Die Rennstrecke ist von zahlreichen Zuschauern gesäumt, welche die Skifahrer bejubeln und von Balke aus verschiedenen Positionen dokumentiert werden. Er zeigt auch die Zuschauerinnen und Zuschauer, die sich sonnen. | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 2 b.png|vignette|Skisringen in Neustadt von unten (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | Das Programm der Wehrmacht-Skimeisterschaften zeigt, dass der Kombinations-Sprunglauf an der Hochfirstschanze in Neustadt am Samstag, 12. Februar um 14.30 Uhr stattfand. Balke startet den Dreh unten bei der Landefläche und steigt dann die Schanze hoch. Dies ermöglicht ihm aus verschiedenen Perspektiven zu drehen. Das Publikum konnte die Skispringer aus nächster Nähe erleben (Hitz 2011, S. 28). Der Schanzenturm erlaubte den Kampfrichtern den Blick auf die gesamte Schanze, die mit Hakenkreuzfahnen geschmückt ist. Um 18 Uhr wurde die Siegerehrung auf dem Rathausplatz in Neustadt abgehalten, was im Film nicht mehr dokumentiert ist. | ||
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| + | Die Geschichte des Wintersports beginnt in Mitteleuropa um 1880 (Vetter 1968, S. 294). Der Skilauf war zunächst eine Freizeitbeschäftigung der Oberschicht. Skier wurden im Schwarzwald zu beruflichen Zwecken von Hebammen, Landärzten oder Briefträgern genutzt. Bei Studenten und Akademikern stand die körperliche Ertüchtigung im Vordergrund (Herzog 2005, S. 11). Im Februar 1891 brachte der Franzose Dr. R. Pilet den Skisport an den Feldberg. Daraufhin wurde 1892 der Ski-Club Todtnau gegründet, 1895 folgte der Ski-Club Freiburg und 1903 dort der Akademische Skiclub (von Savigny 2003) (siehe Film „Ski-Fest 1908“). Die frühen Skipioniere kamen vor allem aus Freiburg und Basel. Die 1887 eröffnete Höllentalbahn von Freiburg nach Hinterzarten ermöglichte die Fahrt zum Feldberg, was dort zu einer Popularisierung des Wintersports führte. | ||
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| + | [[Fichier:Wintersport 1938 3 b.png|vignette|Skispringen von oben (Foto: LFS)]] | ||
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| + | 1930 begann der Bau der ersten Hochfirstschanze mit dem K-Punkt 60 Meter im Schmiedsbachtal des Münchner Schanzenplaners Carl Luther. Dabei handelt es sich um die größte Naturschanze Europas. Sie basiert auf ihre geografische Lage und das bedeutet, dass sie weder im Anlaufbereich (Sprungturm), noch im Aufsprungbereich (Hang), durch Baumaßnahmen verändert wurde (Herbner 1995, S. 300-304). Die Schanze wurde von den Springern des ausrichtenden Teams präpariert. Eine Anlaufspur war nicht vorhanden, sondern es war die Aufgabe eines Springers, die erste Spur zu ziehen. Die Skispringen waren damals athletischer, da sie in körperlich anstrengenden Berufen arbeiteten und nur nebenberuflich als Skispringer aktiv waren (Skisprung Weltcup Titisee-Neustadt 2013, S. 24 f.). 1950 wurde neben der bisherigen Schanze die heutige Mattenschanze errichtet, die im Jahr 2000 nochmals umgebaut wurde, um weltcuptauglich zu sein. Die ursprüngliche Schanze wurde etwa bis 1970 genutzt und danach abgerissen. | ||
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| + | Im Herbst 1938 begannen in der Region die Einquartierungen von Soldaten. Gelder für Wohnungsbau und kommunale Infrastruktur wurden gestrichen zu Gunsten der Investition in die Rüstung. Während des Zweiten Weltkriegs geriet der Fremdenverkehr aufgrund des Ausbleibens ausländischer Gäste ins Stocken. Für den Aufenthalt auf dem Feldberg war eine amtliche Erlaubnis obligatorisch (Vetter 1968, S. 349). Nach Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs konnte der Schwarzwald nicht mehr an die alpinen Nationen Frankreich, Schweiz und Österreich anknüpfen, wodurch die nordische Disziplin wieder dominierende Wettkampfsportart wurde. Ab 1946 bauten französische Besatzungstruppen Skilifte am Feldberg. Heute zählt der Wintersport, trotz direkten und tiefen Eingriffen in die Natur, zu den beliebtesten und verbreitetsten Sportarten. Er hatte wie kaum ein anderer Sport gesellschafts- und landschaftsprägende Auswirkungen auf einen Kulturraum in den Bergen. Aus abgelegenen Bergdörfern wurden Zentren des Tourismus und Austragungsorte internationaler Wettbewerbe (Herzog 2005, S. 12). Vor allem Städter machten im Schwarzwald Urlaub, was die dortige Gastronomie und Hotellerie ankurbelte. | ||
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| + | Sophia Dresel | ||
| + | |Bibliographie=HERBNERR, Detlef, Titisee-Neustadt: Eine Stadtgeschichte, Rombach: Freiburg im Breisgau 1995; HERZOG, Markwart, Skilauf - Volkssport - Medienzirkus: Skisport als Kulturphänomen. Kohlhammer: Stuttgart 2005; HITZ, Rüdiger: Nicht nur Sieg und Niederlage: Sport im deutschen Südwesten im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Thorbecke: Ostfildern 2011; LASOTTA, Hanns, Kampf um den Goldenen Ski. In: Sonderbeilage der Freiburger Zeitung, 5.2.1938; Skisprung Weltcup Titisee-Neustadt, Programmheft Weltcup 2013. In: Flugpost, Ausgabe 2013; VETTER, August (1968), Der Feldberg - Die Geschichte des höchsten Schwarzwaldberges unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Gemeinde Feldberg (Schwarzwald) und der einstigen Gemeinde Bärental. Rombach: Freiburg im Breisgau 1968. | ||
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Version actuelle datée du 31 janvier 2021 à 20:23
Résumé
Description
Title: New Year 1938 /
Winter sports: cross-country skiing and Downhill skiing in the Black Forest, children with sledges; Women in sleighs; Driving through the snow-covered Black Forest; Downhill skiing, spectators on the edge of the slope; Ski jumping <ski jump not identified>, spectators; young women load skis from the car.//
Contexte et analyse
The 2 ½ minute silent black and white short film in 16mm format, shot by the private filmmaker Curt Balke from Freiburg, shows winter sports in the southern Black Forest in early 1938. You can see both amateur and professional athletes doing cross-country skiing, downhill skiing and ski jumping as well as tobogganing and riding a horse-drawn sleigh. Balke is a committed skier himself and often travels with his family in the Black Forest, which he documents in some of his films (see e.g. the films "Wintersport Freiburg", "Wintersport Bodensee", "Ausflug Oberstdorf"). This film shows two events that took place as part of the German Wehrmacht Ski Championships in 1938 (Lasotta 1938, p. 1). On the one hand there is the alpine competitions located on Feldberg (downhill skiing) and on the other hand the Nordic combination (ski jumping and cross-country skiing) taking place in Neustadt.
The beginning of the film shows the family doing winter sports and winter impressions (cross-country skiing, downhill skiing, tobogganing, horse-drawn sleigh rides) on the plateau between Hinterzarten and the Feldberg. The Balkes drive to the Feldberg in their Mercedes. The mountainous landscape is recorded from the moving car. The German and Wehrmacht ski championships from February 5 to 13, 1938 contributed to the image enhancement of the ski region (Lasotta 1938, p. 1). The following sequences show the downhill race for women and men on February 5, 1938 at Fahler Loch, which is known for its steep slope. The racetrack is lined with numerous spectators who cheer the skiers and are documented by Balke from various positions. It also shows the viewers sunbathing.
The program of the Wehrmacht Ski Championships shows that the combined ski jumping event at the Hochfirstschanze in Neustadt took place on Saturday, February 12th at 2.30 p.m. Balke starts shooting down at the landing area and then climbs up the jump. This enables him to turn from different perspectives. The audience was able to experience the ski jumpers up close (Hitz 2011, p. 28). The jump tower allowed the referees to see the entire jump, which is decorated with swastika flags. At 6 p.m. the award ceremony was held on Rathausplatz in Neustadt, which is no longer documented in the film.
The history of winter sports in Central Europe begins around 1880 (Vetter 1968, p. 294). Skiing was initially a leisure activity of the upper class. Skis were used in the Black Forest for professional purposes by midwives, country doctors or postmen. For students and academics, physical exercise was the main focus (Herzog 2005, p. 11). In February 1891, the French diplomat Dr. R. Pilet ski sports on the Feldberg. Then the Todtnau Ski Club was founded in 1892, followed by the Freiburg Ski Club in 1895 and the Academic Ski Club there in 1903 (von Savigny 2003) (see film "Ski-Fest 1908"). The early ski pioneers came mainly from Freiburg and Basel. The Höllentalbahn from Freiburg to Hinterzarten, opened in 1887, made it possible to travel to the Feldberg, which led to the popularization of winter sports there.
In 1930 the construction of the first Hochfirstschanze began with the K-point 60 meters in Schmiedsbachtal of the Munich ski jumping hill planner Carl Luther. It is the largest natural hill in Europe. It is based on its geographical location and that means that it has not been changed by construction work either in the approach area (diving tower) or in the landing area (slope) (Herbner 1995, pp. 300-304). The jump was prepared by the jumpers of the organizing team. There was no in-run track, it was a jumper's job to draw the first track. Back then, ski jumping was more athletic because it worked in physically demanding jobs and was only active as a part-time ski jumper (Ski Jumping World Cup Titisee-Neustadt 2013, p. 24 f.). In 1950, today's plastic covered jump was built next to the previous ski jump, which was rebuilt again in 2000 to be suitable for the World Cup. The original ski jump was used until around 1970 and then demolished.
In the autumn of 1938, the billeting of soldiers began in the region. Funds for housing and municipal infrastructure were cut in favor of armaments investments. During the Second World War, tourism stalled due to the lack of foreign guests. An official permit was mandatory to stay on the Feldberg (Vetter 1968, p. 349). After the end of the Second World War, the Black Forest could no longer tie in with the Alpine nations of France, Switzerland and Austria, which made the Nordic discipline the dominant competitive sport again. From 1946 onwards, French occupation troops built ski lifts on the Feldberg. Today winter sports are one of the most popular and most widespread sports, despite direct and deep interventions in nature. Like hardly any other sport, it had a social and landscape-defining impact on a cultural area in the mountains. Remote mountain villages became centers of tourism and venues for international competitions (Herzog 2005, p. 12). City dwellers in particular went on vacation in the Black Forest, which stimulated the local gastronomy and hotel industry.
Sophia DreselPersonnages identifiés
Lieux ou monuments
Bibliographie
- ↑ Cette fiche est en cours de rédaction. À ce titre elle peut être inachevée et contenir des erreurs.
